John MacArthur says that things are put to test "with the purpose of discovering that person's nature or that thing's quality." Cars, furniture, bridges and other such things are tested before being released to the public in order to prove they can stand up to the task for which it was created. Software programs are tested for errors. Food is tested to see if it lacks anything. In the same way, our trials and tests are used to prove that what we have is sufficient, or to find what areas need to be improved.
vs. 2 - The word for "consider" can also be translated "evaluate." It is not natural for us to rejoice in trials, but it is necessary. This is something we must train ourselves to do - make a conscious effort to face trials with joy.
vs. 3 - "testing" can also be translated "proving."
vs 4. - "perfect" - in regard to spiritual maturity; "complete" lit. "all portions whole."
vs. 12 - "approved" lit "passed the test."
A crown was not just reserved for royalty. In ancient Greek athletic events they would put a wreath on the head of the victor - the crown symbolizes a reward. Here it is the reward of eternal life.
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